Over the last decades, international trade has expanded faster than global GDP. This globalization trend is expected to continue as a consequence of fading barriers. The current re-localization trends may slow down this process, but they will not reverse it. Moving freight across borders requires the fulfillment of a set of national Customs procedures governed by national legislation, implemented by Customs staff and designed to ensure national security and to guarantee the compliance with national norms and standards; and to generate government revenue through duties and taxes. For some countries it may also serve as a way to protect national industries and services.

In February 2020, Countries have adopted provisions providing the legal basis for the paperless operation of the United Nations TIR Convention (the so-called eTIR) - the only global customs transit system, facilitating trade and the seamless and secure movement of goods across borders.